The monograph addresses issues related to the study of Ingushetia and the Ingush by Russian and foreign researchers and travelers in the 16th-19th centuries. The first information about the Ingush in the Moscow state was obtained in the 16th century. as a result of the beginning of Moscow's intelligence activities in the North Caucasus. In the second half of the XVIII century. scientific study of Ingushetia and the Ingush people begins. At this time, scientists were sent to the Caucasus by the Russian Academy of Sciences to study the Caucasian peoples. Based on their work in the XIX century. genuine scientific research about the Ingush began to appear. These scientific works have not yet lost their relevance.