The monograph presents the author's point of view on the role and place of understanding in the multidimensional human world. Methodological, theoretical and empirical problems of research in the field of psychology of understanding and psychology of human being are discussed. Several areas of psychological research on the phenomenon of understanding have been analyzed. It is substantiated that the analytical division of the human world into empirical, sociocultural and existential realities makes it possible for psychologists to study not only the general, but also the special in understanding these three realities.