History of the Ancient East - the history of civilizations that genetically preceded Hellenism and Christianity, which began the history of mankind and had a powerful influence on all eras. The main work of the Russian historian, creator of the national school of the history of the Ancient East, Egyptologist Boris Alexandrovich Turaev (1868-1920) was the fundamental two-volume work "History of the Ancient East." It covers the general course of history on the territory of a huge geographical area, stretching "from the Caucasus Range and Central Asia to the Persian Gulf, South Arabia, the country of African lakes, from the border of Iran and India to the Heracles Pillars." Much attention is paid to the political and cultural-religious aspects of ancient history, economic and geographical factors are considered. The observable period is from the time of the emergence of the first civilizations to the era of the Macedonian and Roman conquests.