This textbook is one of the most complete modern educational publications on materials science. It systematizes fundamental information about the structure and physicochemical properties, phase transformations and physical processes of a wide range of materials, including nanostructured ones, and discusses methods for studying their structure and properties. The possibilities of using nanostructures to solve various technical problems are widely illustrated. The test tasks with variable answers given in the appendix to the textbook are intended for intermediate and final control, increasing the efficiency of assimilation of the studied material.