Physical and chemical bases of materials science, technologies of thermal treatment of cast irons, steels, alloys and regularities of their structure formation are considered in the textbook. Methods for testing mechanical properties of materials, studying their micro- and macrostructure are given. Processes of corrosion and operation of materials at low and high temperatures, general principles of their selection and application for specific products are described. Described are physical processes and phenomena occurring in conductors, semiconductors and passive dielectrics, as well as in active dielectrics and magnetic materials in various conditions of their operation.