The monograph provides an analysis of the effectiveness of scientific selection of apple trees in Belarus over a 90-year period. The formation of apple tree culture in the world and in Belarus is shown, their classification and description are given. The history of the development of the assortment of culture is reflected. The results of studying the gene pool of apple trees (1400 collectible genotypes and more than 400,000 hybrid plants), the development and use of methods for intensifying the selection process, which reduce the time, labor and energy costs for creating a variety by up to 50%, are presented. A pomological description of the varieties of apple trees of folk, Belarusian and foreign selection, the most adaptive to the conditions of Belarus, is given.