The book contains an exposition of the socio-ethical problems of modern science. Criticizing concepts that tear apart ethics and science, the authors - Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences I.T. Frolov and Ph.D. B.G. Yudin - analyze the latter in organic unity. The question of the social responsibility of a scientist, the forms of its implementation, is taken as a key issue for the ethics of science. From this angle, the participation of scientists in nuclear research, the role of science in solving global problems of our time, the ethical aspects of socio-biological research and human experiments, and the problems of genetic engineering are considered. The book, written in a polemical manner, is addressed not only to philosophers and scientists, but also to everyone who is interested in the life of modern science and its relationship with society.