The monograph outlines the theoretical foundations of the supply of nutrients to plants, the physiological significance of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, manganese, zinc, boron, iron, molybdenum, magnesium, copper, sulfur and other biological elements in the life of the plant; summarizes the results of many years of research by the author, Soviet and foreign scientists, carried out at the cellular, subcellular and molecular levels, as well as at the level of an integral organism; physiological significance and biological role of the basic elements of nutrition, their physical-chemical, biophysical and electron-paramagnetic properties, combination of macroelements with microelements as a means of enhancing growth and development of plants, as well as increasing their productivity are illuminated.