The monograph reflects the most important stages of the ethnic history of Abkhazians, the formation of ethnos and ethno-filling changes in the region at the turn of the Kh1Kh-KhKh centuries. The development of the main sectors of economic activity - agriculture, subtropical fruit growing, cattle breeding, crafts; the modern socio-professional structure of the Abkhaz population was analyzed; material and spiritual culture is described - food, housing, clothing, utensils, religious beliefs, folklore, folk art. The socio-normative sphere is represented by an analysis of family and social life, forms of social organization and social institutions.