The book details all notable discoveries and their accompanying historical circumstances in all sections of classical and modern physics. Much attention is paid to the presentation of the foundations of the special theory of relativity, quantum mechanics, the modern theory of gravity. Reading a number of sections of the book requires knowledge of the foundations of differential and integral calculus. For curious schoolchildren and students, leaders of physical circles, as well as for all those who want to replenish their knowledge in one of the most important and exciting sciences in the process of interesting and informative reading.