In December 2011, an international scientific conference "Can History Be Objective?" Was held at the History Department of Moscow State University. This is the eternal question of history. In the Soviet period, domestic historiography answered it in the affirmative, bearing in mind that objective historical truth is achieved by working out sources based on Marxist-Leninist methodology. In the post-Soviet period, the monopoly of Marxism-Leninism was abolished, methodological pluralism developed, and with it skepticism about the possibilities of history to be objective (pluralism inevitably led to a variety of versions and interpretations of the same historical events). Different, including mutually exclusive, points of view were expressed at the conference. A number of historians, among them the author of this book, were among the optimists, believing that an approach to objective history is possible. But for this it is necessary to fulfill a number of scientific conditions.