The book is dedicated to the work of Aristarchus of Samothrace and other scholars of the Library of Alexandria on the text of Homer's poems. Alexandrian scholars invented and brought to impressive heights the methods of textology and philological commenting; mid II century BC, when Aristarchus worked in Alexandria, can be called the time of birth of European philology. The fruits of the works of the Alexandrians only in an abbreviated and distorted form were preserved as fragmentary comments on the margins of the Byzantine manuscripts of the Iliad and Odyssey. However, much of their methodology lends itself to reconstruction: in this book, dozens of specific examples analyzed the problems that Aristarchus and his predecessors solved. Despite this specificity, the book does not require knowledge of the ancient Greek language and is designed for a general reader interested in the history of philology and humanities, classical textology and Hellenistic science.