The book is distinguished by the novelty of the theoretical approach to solving the topic and extensive statistical material, including recently declassified. The changes that have occurred in the demographic and social composition of the population of Russia and its regions after the upheavals they experienced are shown: human losses, a decline in the male population, increased mortality and compensatory processes that began in peacetime in the reproduction of the population. Of particular interest is the rethinking of social relations in the post-revolutionary period, in particular the stratification of the Russian village and such a phenomenon as "superstition."