This book constitutes the proceedings of the 16th IFIP WG 10.3 International Conference on Network and Parallel Computing, NPC 2019, held in Hohhot, China, in August 2019. The 22 full and 11 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 107 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: graph computing; NOC and networks; neural networks; big data and cloud; HPC; emerging topics; memory and file system.