The monograph discusses the main methods of laser spectroscopy used for remote detection and identification on the surface of bodies of traces of explosives (ES), toxic (OS), narcotic (NV) and toxic substances of industrial origin. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed, their comparative characteristics are given. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the prospects for the development and practical implementation of the technologies under consideration, as well as the justification of the most preferred areas of their application.