The monograph consists of three parts. The first part sets out the known basics of designing computer problems designed to optimize discrete processes. Some methods of their solution are considered. In the second part, four types of control objects are considered. Formalized descriptions of the fundamental characteristics of these objects are proposed, which can be used in the formulation of task statements. The third part is devoted to one of four types of objects - the transportation process. For this object, formalized statements of 19 system-forming tasks of optimal management of subprocesses - cargo, passenger, train and shunting work are proposed.