Cavitation, erosion and hydroabrasive wear phenomena occurring during drilling of oil and gas wells are considered. Calculations necessary to protect machines and mechanisms from the negative impact of cavitation, as well as methods for using cavitation jets as a working element in oil and gas production are presented. Examples of the use of supercavitation jets for cleaning parts of centrifugal submersible pumps and the use of innovative anti-corrosion coatings of variable waterline of offshore oil fields are given. For drilling specialists, students, graduate students and scientists.