Perhaps the first monograph published in the post-Soviet era, in which an out-of-propaganda attempt was made to explain the aggravation of the confrontation between the USSR and the USA after the end of World War II in 1945. The focus of attention of Cold War researchers, employees of Rostov University V. Batyuk and D. Evstafiev, is in particular the "Central European" crisis of 1948-1949, which laid the foundation for further policy hostile rivalry in the world The work is a report of scientists proposed to the Russian International Fund (RSF) with the assistance in collecting materials from the Institute. V. Wilson. The considerations expressed reflect the personal views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the Fund's positions.