The book of the famous medievalist Natalia Basovskaya tells about the legendary rulers, travelers and navigators of Italy, England France. You will find out who allowed Niccolo Machiavelli to write his most ambiguous work "Sovereign"; why the son of the shoemaker Tommaso Campanella was recognized as "the greatest son of Italy" on a par with the scientist Galileo Galilei; whether Robin Hood actually existed; why Queen Elizabeth I kept a pirate at court; whether the French were descendants of the heroes of the Trojan War; whether Joan of Arc was really in love with King Charles VII. And this book will introduce many more interesting facts. Its heroes changed the fate of their states for many centuries, but it was thanks to their dazzling ups and crushing downs that Italy, England France gained their modern and unique appearance.