For the first time at all levels, the book addresses the problem of sexual dimorphism in high-performance sports with original data collected by the author over many years of scientific and practical work. From the standpoint of the tasks of big sports, the peculiarities of adaptation and maladaptation of the male and female bodies in similar sports are considered, as well as the need for criteria for assessing functional fitness, taking into account gender differences. Particular attention is paid to the timely detection and targeted correction of identified violations. Knowledge of the specific features of the development of the male and female body will make it possible to more adequately and effectively carry out the differentiated construction of training programs and more reliably assess the information and diagnostic signs of adaptation of athletes and sportswomen. The book is intended for doctors, coaches, sports specialists.