The book is devoted to the history of formation and the first steps of Russian enlightenment in the XVII century, before the founding of the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. The studied period is characterized by a special role of the Greeks in the creation of the first properly organized secondary schools in Russia. The work is written on the basis of the study of Greek and Russian documents, handwritten and old printed books of Russian collections, as well as some foreign repositories, and is of interest to researchers of the history of Russian and Greek enlightenment, the history of Greek-Russian relations of the 17th - early 18th centuries, specialists in Greek and Russian paleography and codicology.