The book examines cultural studies and its place among other oriental disciplines. The correlation of culture with economics, politics, ideology, religion is analyzed, cultural features in the past and in the modern period are shown. Particular attention is paid to identifying the nature of the cultural heritage, its structure, content and development trends. The analysis of the civilizational level of culture reveals the principles and laws of the formation of the spiritual life of the countries of the East in the classical period and the specifics of its development in modern times.