The monograph is devoted to the history of the Tolstoy movement in Soviet Russia. The study analyzes the communes and artels of the followers of L. N. Tolstoy: number, geography of distribution, social composition. The author shows the change in the worldview of Tolstoyans compared to the pre-revolutionary period, as well as the ideological nature of their agricultural movement. The monograph studies the relationship of Tolstoy groups with the Soviet regime.