The manual consists of three parts. The first is devoted to the features of modern higher technical education and the role of its fundamental component in the training of specialists of any profile. The second part reveals the logic of the development of electronics and important milestones in its history, including tube electronics, discrete semiconductor and integrated semiconductor electronics, as well as its transition to modern mass silicon nanoelectronics. The third part of the book describes new promising areas of nanoelectronics and the means of its instrumental, technological and metrological support.