The proposed book gives a systematic account of the history of the Russian Cossacks from the beginning of its origin to the time of the revival and modern development of the Cossacks. The book examines the socio-economic, political and military history of the Cossacks. Particular attention is paid to its rich and peculiar culture. The book is designed for the general reader, but it will be especially useful for Cossacks and those who are interested in the history of the Cossacks.