Past historical experience, politics, self-defense reflections and the needs of political power almost buried historical science, ideas and ideals of social emancipation... but still could not completely destroy these ideals. Over the past five decades, the author of these lines was occupied by the history of this most important contradiction, worried about the fate of ideas and ideals in the history of the USSR and far beyond its borders. The research gathered in this book focuses on this issue from a variety of perspectives.