The monograph discloses the psychological content and basic methodological approaches to the study of the phenomenon of gender mentality. The results of an empirical study of the components of the gender mentality of Russian students in megacities and provincial cities are presented, significant shifts in the content of the mentality of boys and girls, students and schoolchildren towards egalitarian gender norms are recorded. Addressed to gender researchers, teachers and psychologists working with young people, teachers, students and graduate students of pedagogical and psychological-pedagogical areas of training.