The monograph is devoted to the study of an urgent topic - the material well-being of citizens, namely the collective farm peasantry of the Urals in the postwar years (1946-1960). According to the author, high material well-being is not only the ultimate goal of the economic policy of any state, but also the goal of its functioning. The topic is revealed on the materials of the Middle Urals (as the Sverdlovsk region is sometimes called), the Orenburg region and Bashkiria. An extensive review of the sources and literature that served as the basis for the analysis is presented. The above material is illustrated by a large number of diagrams and tables.