The collective work prepared at the Department of Oriental Studies of MGIMO in accordance with the program of the training course "Ethno-confessional conflicts in the East" and within the framework of the MGIMO-Bi Pi project analyzes the causes, types and consequences of modern regional and internal political conflicts in the East. The book is designed for oriental researchers, foreign policy officials, students and undergraduates in their specialty and areas: international relations, regional studies, political science, history, as well as a wide range of readers interested in modern political processes.