The singing art of Ancient Russia, as well as the wonderful legacy of ancient Russian writing, architecture, monumental painting, is an integral part of the national cultural heritage. His examples have a high and enduring artistic value. But unlike ancient Russian literature, fine art or architecture, which are very well studied and known both in the original and in numerous reproductions, translations and copies, the singing art of that time remains even for most people close to music a completely unexplored area. The purpose of this work is, on the basis of monuments of singing art, to illuminate the history of its formation from the end of the 10th to the second half of the 17th century, the ideological and aesthetic trends and creative styles that existed in it, the compositional foundations of melody and polyphony, the methodology for mastering singing skills and the formation of musical and theoretical thought.