The monograph presents the results of the study of the socio-psychological determination of the development of Russian psychology in the first half of the 20th century. The level subject concept of the socio-psychological determination of psychology as the formation and development of a collective subject of scientific activity is substantiated. The criteria and indicators of achievement by the scientific community of the stages of pre-objectivity, a becoming and developed subject in the history of Russian psychology are highlighted and disclosed. The results of a qualitative and quantitative study of the conditions, results and mechanisms of socio-psychological determination of the development of psychology in Russia are discussed. The periodization of the development of domestic psychology in the first half of the 20th century, taking into account the social context, is proposed. The description of the organization and self-organization of the scientific community as mechanisms for the formation and development of the collective subject of scientific activity in the Russian psychology of the studied period is given. The presented results make it possible to comprehend the history of Russian psychology in a constructive manner, to concretize the merits of the Russian psychological community in the development of science.