The work is devoted to the study of the history of the Samanid dynasty, who ruled at the end of the 9th - 10th centuries. as governors of Khorasan and Maverannahr as part of the "Abbasid Caliphate. The work is based on little-known data from medieval sources in Arabic, Persian and Turkic, as well as new readings and interpretations of already known texts using materials from historical onomastics, linguistics, terminology, archeology, anthropology, numismatics, epigraphy and ethnography.