Conceptual views of the USSR leadership on the fleet are presented. The shipbuilding programs and the history of the creation of ships, aircraft, weapons and weapons that entered service with the fleet are given. Their characteristics are analyzed and the influence of political, military and scientific and technical factors on them is shown. The prospects for creating a Russian fleet are considered. The period of the post-war, half-century development of the Navy of the USSR is characterized by the most dynamic and stormy processes.