The tutorial provides the basic provisions of geometric and physical optics necessary for studying geodetic instruments. The design and principle of operation of individual parts of geodetic instruments, which form their basis, are considered in detail. Principal optical diagrams and arrangement of all main parts of theodolites, levels and nomogram tacheometers are considered. The study of these instruments ends the course of studying classical geodetic instruments. Survey tools are presented in this manual with a survey gyrocompass MVT-2 and echolocators for surveying deep blast holes. Gyro compass arrangement and gyroscopic orientation procedure are discussed in detail.