The emergence of the Islamic State IS movement in Indonesia in 2014 re energized violent extremism in Indonesia As a result of effective counterterrorism policing however IS networks have been decimated and the structure of jihadism in Indonesia has shifted from organizations to autonomous networks and cells increasingly organized via the Internet Although support for violent extremism in Indonesia remains marginal cells of IS followers maintain a low level capacity to conduct lethal attacks against civilian and government targets Most IS operations in Indonesia are sporadic and low level attacks against the Indonesian police Religious minorities have also been high profile targets as in the Surabaya church suicide bombings of 13 May 2018 There are some indications however of militants renewed interest in attacking foreign targets such as tourists on the resort island of Bali IS returnees from the Middle East have begun to play a role in recent attacks The presence of this population in Indonesia raises the risk of militant capabilities being enhanced above their current relatively low level Most returnees are women and children and the increasing involvement of this cohort in IS attacks promises to complicate counterterrorism operations The rise of pro IS charities in Indonesia poised to service returnees and reintegrate them into Indonesia s jihadist community further exacerbates this problem The overall threat of terrorism to the Indonesian state and to the stability of the Joko Widodo administration remains low Surprise attacks by unknown cells however have the potential to shock the Indonesian political system provoking government repression of Islamists and exacerbating political polarization and community tensions