The monograph presents the results of a study of the significance of the military issue in the ideology and practice of the Russian left-wing radical movement of the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. An analysis of the theoretical views of democratic thinkers and organizers of the Russian liberation movement on the nature of wars, the state of domestic defense, the role and place of the army in the system of relations between power and society is proposed. The formation of the program provisions of revolutionary organizations on the military issue and practical steps for their implementation are shown. Various aspects of the participation of representatives of the military community in the revolutionary movement are considered, as well as the correlation of political protest in the military environment with the anti-government struggle of socialist parties as a phenomenon of the socio-political life of Russia in the era of bourgeois modernization.