The book explores two directions of the Roman historical tradition: annalistic and antiquarian. The author determines the sources of the actual Roman (as opposed to Greek) origin, which became the basis of both historiographic directions. Such sources were the documents of the main priestly colleges of pontiffs and augurs. Therefore, the first chapter of the monograph is devoted to determining the range of documents that were created in the priestly colleges, and establishing their content. In the second chapter, the formation of annalism as an independent historiographic genre is investigated. The third chapter is devoted to the historiography of the antique genre. For specialists, students and everyone interested in ancient history.