The book provides information on the positive and negative properties of sugars (carbohydrates) and sucrose substituents, describes the molecular mechanisms of action of these substances, since these issues are specific and may be of interest to specialists. The book is intended for doctors facing the problems of metabolic disorders in patients, nutritionists developing the basics of rational nutrition, endocrinologists who constantly have to give dietary recommendations to patients with diabetes and obesity, as well as for a circle of readers interested in the problems of a full healthy diet and wishing to introduce the knowledge gained into the system of their own lifestyle.