The book explores the trade and industrial policy of the tsarist government after the Crimean War and before the eve of the first Russian revolution. The main focus is on the programmatic principles of this policy, the forms of its implementation and connection with other areas of economic activity of the autocracy, as well as its attitude towards the working class and the bourgeoisie. The mechanism for developing economic policy is being clarified: the circumstances of the struggle at the top, the peculiarities of the functioning of government agencies and the characteristics of statesmen involved in its development and implementation. The publication is designed for historians and economists.