The monograph aims to develop cultural and historical thinking among readers, contributing to the understanding of the new role of education in a modern constantly changing world. At the same time, it holds the idea of ​ ​ the general cultural unity of people, based on the community of human thinking in different historical times, in the modern and ancient world, in different spheres of knowledge. It is argued that not only religious, not only moral or political, but also scientific and engineering-technical truths are a manifestation of human essential forces, more precisely, their projection on the world around them.