The work includes a number of chapters covering the biology, dispersal and variability of medicinal valerian across a number of traits. An attempt was made to specifically understand the concept and volume of the species, or rather, to establish the limit of the fineness of the species using the example of types of medicinal valerian. In a special part, a key is given to determine the types of medicinal valerian and their description. In the key, each species is characterized by a complex of features. Species descriptions contain the Latin name, synonyms, Russian name, original botanical description in Russian, and for new species - also in Latin, ecology and distribution of each species, economic significance. Each view is illustrated with original drawings; area maps are also given.