This publication presents a study of the history of the first public school in Russia, established for the study of the Italian language by subjects, in which Greek scientists taught hieromonks Ioannikiy and Sofroniy Likhuda. The school operated in Moscow from 1697 to 1700. Considerable attention was paid to the study of sources about the activities of this educational institution. Basically, they are paperwork from the archive of the Rank Order. The appendix to the study contains the publication of the entire corpus of preserved documents. The book can be useful to specialists in Russian history of the late XVII - early XVIII centuries, primarily the history of enlightenment, Greek-Russian and Italian-Russian relations of this period, source scholars. The publication of documents can be used in classes with students in source studies and Russian history.