The monograph is devoted to topical issues of managing patients with so-called "difficult" pneumonia, which is understood as cases of the disease in patients who do not respond properly to treatment, and patients with slow-resolving pneumonia syndrome. The manual provides an analysis of the current causes, risk factors of therapy failure, describes in detail the possible tactics of managing patients who did not respond to treatment, updated the list of necessary methods for diagnosing and directing antibacterial therapy.