The monograph comprehensively analyzes the problem of the development of motor qualities (speed, strength, endurance, dexterity and coordination, flexibility) and physical training of athletes. The presented work is fundamentally different from most generalizing works on the motor qualities and physical training of athletes. The structure of motor qualities and the methodology for their development are considered not through the prism of achieving the highest training effect in relation to a particular quality, but on the basis of the compliance of the level of development and features of the manifestation of each of the motor qualities with the effectiveness of motor actions characteristic of a particular sport, the organic relationship of motor qualities with each other and with other aspects of athletes' technical, tactical, psychological preparedness.