The monograph on a wide factual material (monuments of Old Russian and Old Ukrainian writing, dialect and folklore sources, works of fiction) explores the history of the formation of the syntactic structure of the Ukrainian language. The dynamics of development of various types of simple and complex sentences is considered, the main lines of formation of grammatical and semantic connections within the internal structure of the sentence are established. The specifics of the interaction of oral-linguistic and book-literary components in the process of forming the syntactic structure of the Ukrainian language are determined.