This book presents contributions from some of the leading experts in spectroscopic techniques including infrared, Raman, NMR, fluorescence and Circular Dichroism spectroscopy. Structural characterization of biomolecules, cells, tissues and whole organisms are amongst the topics that were covered by these experts at the 14th European Conference on Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules (ECSBM2011), held at the University of Coimbra, Portugal, from 29th August to 3rd September 2011, of which this book contains the papers. The book would be particularly valuable for those interested in vibrational spectroscopy and imaging of cells and tissues, applications of spectroscopy in biotechnology, single cell studies and microbial characterization. It highlights the potential of spectroscopy and imaging in medical diagnosis and screening, and discusses issues related to methodology, including data acquisition, analysis and processing, that would be valuable for scientists who are new to the field. The book would be an important reference source for scientists in academia and industry as well as early stage researchers such as graduate students and post-doctoral researchers. IOS Press is an international science, technical and medical publisher of high-quality books for academics, scientists, and professionals in all fields. Some of the areas we publish -Biomedicine-Oncology-Artificial intelligence-Databases and information systems-Maritime engineering-Nanotechnology-Geoengineering-All aspects of physics-E-governance-E-commerce-The knowledge economy-Urban studies-Arms control-Understanding and responding to terrorism-Medical informatics-Computer Sciences