The monograph examines changes in the social sphere of Russia during the reforms. The main conclusion drawn in the monograph is the fundamental underestimation by reformers of the human factor. This underestimation made many market reforms ineffective and ultimately impeded the country's rapid economic development. The monograph traces the ways of forming a new society in Russia, which in many ways differs not for the better from the social structures of Western countries. The book compares with the social practice of Western countries and puts forward a number of proposals for improving Russian social policy. A special place is given to poorly studied issues of the influence of globalization processes on social policy and practice in Russia. The monograph is of interest to scientists and practitioners involved in social policy issues.