The book is the first critical work in our country that reveals the psychological core of existentialism J.-P. Sartra. The author compares the phenomenological psychology built by Sartre with the data of empirical psychology and convincingly shows the failure of the existentialist concept of freedom. A critical analysis of the philosophy of the history of French existentialism is conducted from the standpoint of the Marxist concept of subject activity. The incompatibility of Marxism and existentialism is shown, contrary to Sartre's aspirations to combine them within the framework of the theory of historical action.