Trace elements play a significant role in the realization of the biological functions of the body, participating in the functioning of the musculoskeletal, immune, nervous, endocrine systems. Due to the obvious role of trace elements in maintaining the functional reserves of the body against the background of intensive physical activity, the study of the relationship between the exchange of trace elements and physical activity is an urgent issue in sports medicine. The monograph discusses the fundamental issues of transport and the biological role of chemical elements, such as iron, copper, zinc, selenium, cobalt, chromium, magnesium, calcium, a number of toxic elements, as well as the features of their exchange in athletes and persons with increased physical activity and the relationship with functional parameters.