The book is devoted to the analysis of the history of the development of the Arctic in the Soviet period of Russian history through the prism of modern strategic approaches to the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, a comprehensive assessment of this experience and the possibilities of using its lessons at the present stage. In the field of view of the authors are such problems as the genesis of the Russian tradition of the development of the Arctic outskirts, the development of strategic approaches to the development of the Arctic in different periods of Soviet history, geopolitical, economic and socio-cultural aspects of the development of this region. The publication is designed for historians, economists, management specialists, all interested in the history of the development of the Arctic and its modern problems.